Scientific Sources

References & Bibliography

216 scientific references supporting The Age-Stage Nutrition Blueprint for Women, organized by theme — with clickable DOIs to the original publications.

Back to home

This bibliography supports the scientific framework behind The Age-Stage Nutrition Blueprint for Women, with references covering aging, hormones, muscle preservation, chrono-nutrition, supplementation, inflammation, and metabolic health. References outside the book's scope (pregnancy, infant and pediatric nutrition) have been excluded to keep this list focused and accurate.

Want the full picture? These references are cited throughout The Age-Stage Nutrition Blueprint for Women.

Showing 216 of 216 reference(s)

Aging & Longevity (10) Menopause & Hormones (42) Protein & Muscle (7) Inflammation (4) Gut-Brain Axis & Microbiome (9) Chrono-Nutrition & Circadian Health (16) Supplementation & Micronutrients (36) Metabolic Health (31) Bone & Skeletal Health (10) Environmental & Endocrine-Disrupting Factors (2) Scientific Foundations & General Nutrition Science (49)

Aging & Longevity 10 references

  1. [1] López-Otín, C. et al. (2023). Hallmarks of Aging: An Expanding Universe. Cell, 186(2), 243–278. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001
  2. [2] Crous-Bou, M. et al. (2019). Plant-based diets and telomere length. Adv Nutr, 10(5), 786–796. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz047
  3. [3] Longo, V. D. (2018). The Longevity Diet. Avery.
  4. [4] OMS/WHO (2022). Decade of Healthy Ageing: Baseline Report 2021–2030. World Health Organization, Geneva.
  5. [5] Guigoz, Y. et al. (2002). The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) review of the literature. J Nutr Health Aging, 6(2), 134–144.
  6. [6] Buettner, D. (2008). The Blue Zones: Lessons for Living Longer From the People Who've Lived the Longest. National Geographic Society.
  7. [7] Mocchegiani, E. et al. (2013). Zinc, metallothioneins and longevity: interrelationships with niacin and selenium. Curr Pharm Des. DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319110004
  8. [8] Cawthon, R. M. et al. (2003). Association between telomere length in blood and mortality in people aged 60 years or older. Lancet, 361(9355), 393–395. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12384-7
  9. [9] Verdin, E. (2015). NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science, 350(6265), 1208–1213. DOI: 10.1126/science.aac4854
  10. [10] Cawood, A. L. et al. (2012). Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of high protein oral nutritional supplements. Ageing Res Rev, 11(2), 278–296. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2011.12.008

Menopause & Hormones 42 references

  1. [11] Davis, S. R. et al. (2012). Understanding weight gain at menopause. Climacteric, 15(5), 419–429. DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.707385
  2. [12] Levis, S. & Griebeler, M. L. (2010). The role of soy foods in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. J Nutr, 140(12), 2318S–2321S. DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.124388
  3. [13] Messina, M. (2014). Soy foods, isoflavones, and the health of postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr, 100(S1), 423S–430S. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071464
  4. [14] Sachmechi, I. et al. (2007). Effect of proton pump inhibitors on serum TSH level in euthyroid patients treated with levothyroxine. Endocr Pract, 13(4), 345–349. DOI: 10.4158/EP.13.4.345
  5. [15] Mendelsohn, M. E. & Karas, R. H. (1999). The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. NEJM. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199906103402306
  6. [16] Davis, S. R. et al. (2012). Understanding weight gain at menopause. Climacteric. DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.707385
  7. [17] Unfer, V. et al. (2017). Effects of myo-inositol in women with PCOS. Endocrine.
  8. [18] Diamanti-Kandarakis, E. & Dunaif, A. (2012). Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited. Endocr Rev. DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1034
  9. [19] Chevrier, J. et al. (2010). Perfluoroalkyl substances, thyroid hormones, and thyroid stimulating hormone in perimenopausal women. Environ Health Perspect, 118(8), 1100–1105.
  10. [20] Deutch, B. (1995). Menstrual pain in Danish women correlated with low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. Eur J Clin Nutr, 49(7), 508–516. PMID: 7588501
  11. [21] Thys-Jacobs, S. et al. (1998). Calcium carbonate and the premenstrual syndrome: effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 179(2), 444–452. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70377-1
  12. [22] Palmery, M. et al. (2013). Oral contraceptives and changes in nutritional requirements. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 17(13), 1804–1813. PMID: 23852908
  13. [23] Taku, K. et al. (2012). Extracted or synthesized soybean isoflavones reduce menopausal hot flash frequency and severity. Menopause, 19(7), 776–790. DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182410159
  14. [24] Chen, M. et al. (2014). Soy isoflavones and breast cancer risk. Br J Cancer, 111(8), 1587–1595. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.392
  15. [25] Biondi, B. & Cooper, D. S. (2008). The Clinical Significance of Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction. Endocr Rev, 29(1), 76–131. DOI: 10.1210/er.2006-0043
  16. [26] Barnard, N. D. et al. (2004). Diet and Sex-Hormone Binding Globulin, Dysmenorrhea, and Premenstrual Symptoms. Obstet Gynecol, 104(5), 1028–1034.
  17. [27] Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven J, et al. Recommendations from the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(10):2447—2469.
  18. [28] World Health Organization. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Fact Sheet. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
  19. [29] Lim SS, Hutchison SK, Van Ryswyk E, Norman RJ, Teede HJ, Moran LJ. Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;3(3):CD007506.
  20. [30] Marsh KA, Steinbeck KS, Atkinson FS, Petocz P, Brand-Miller JC. Effect of a low glycemic index compared with a conventional healthy diet on polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(1):83—92.
  21. [31] Greff D, Juhász AE, Váncsa S, et al. Inositol is an effective and safe treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2023;21(1):10.
  22. [32] Fitz V, Graca S, Mahalingaiah S, et al. Inositol for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Inform the 2023 Update of the International Evidence-based PCOS Guidelines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024;109(6):1630—1655.
  23. [33] Yang K, Zeng L, Bao T, Ge J. Effectiveness of Omega-3 fatty acid for polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018;16(1):27.
  24. [34] Łagowska K, Bajerska J, Jamka M. The Role of Vitamin D Oral Supplementation in Insulin Resistance in Women with PCOS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1637.
  25. [35] The North American Menopause Society. Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: the 2021 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2021;28(9):973—997.
  26. [36] De Souza MJ, Strock NCA, Williams NI, et al. Prunes preserve hip bone mineral density in a 12-month randomized controlled trial in postmenopausal women: the Prune Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022;116(4):897—910.
  27. [37] Knapen MHJ, Drummen NE, Smit E, Vermeer C, Theuwissen E. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(9):2499—2507.
  28. [38] Franco OH, Chowdhury R, Troup J, et al. Use of plant-based therapies and menopausal symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;315(23):2554—2563.
  29. [39] Davidsen L, et al. Impact of the menstrual cycle on determinants of energy balance. Proc Nutr Soc. 2007;66(1):155-166.
  30. [40] Facchinetti F, et al. Magnesium prophylaxis of menstrual migraine. Headache. 1991;31(5):298-301.
  31. [41] Palmery M, et al. Oral contraceptives and changes in nutritional requirements. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17(13):1804-1813.
  32. [42] Shere M, et al. Association between use of oral contraceptives and folate status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2015;37(5):430-438.
  33. [43] Hollowell JG, et al. Serum TSH, T4, and thyroid antibodies in the United States population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(2):489-499.
  34. [44] Beard JL, et al. Impaired thermoregulation and thyroid function in iron-deficiency anemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;52(5):813-819.
  35. [45] Helmreich DL, et al. Relation between the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005;30(4):392-403.
  36. [46] Barrea, L. et al. (2020). Mediterranean diet and postmenopausal inflammation: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 12(7), 2051. DOI: 10.3390/nu12072051
  37. [47] Hutchins, A. M. et al. (2019). Flaxseed and menopausal symptoms: a systematic review. Nutrients, 11(8), 1937. DOI: 10.3390/nu11081937
  38. [48] Mielke, M. M. et al. (2021). Sex and gender differences in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Alzheimers Dement, 17(9), 1535–1548. DOI: 10.1002/alz.12387
  39. [49] Walker, A. F. et al. (1998). Magnesium supplementation alleviates premenstrual symptoms of fluid retention. J Womens Health, 7(9), 1157–1165. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.1157
  40. [50] Snipe, R. M. J. et al. (2024). Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential treatment for reducing dysmenorrhoea pain: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Nutr Diet, 81(1), 94–106. DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12835
  41. [51] Khosla, S. & Monroe, D. G. (2018). Regulation of Bone Metabolism by Sex Steroids. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 8(1), a031211. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031211
  42. [52] Deswal, R. et al. (2018). Sex hormone binding globulin - an important biomarker for predicting PCOS risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Biol Reprod Med, 64(1), 12–24. DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1410591

Protein & Muscle 7 references

  1. [53] Cruz-Jentoft, A. J. et al. (2019). Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing, 48(1), 16–31. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy169
  2. [54] Paddon-Jones, D. et al. (2015). Role of dietary protein in the sarcopenia of aging. Am J Clin Nutr, 87(5), 1562S–1566S. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1562S
  3. [55] Paddon-Jones, D. & Rasmussen, B. B. (2009). Dietary protein recommendations and the prevention of sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 12(1), 86–90. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32831cef8b
  4. [56] Fried, L. P. et al. (2001). Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146
  5. [57] Harris, R. C. et al. (2002). The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis. Amino Acids, 23(1-3), 197–206.
  6. [58] Bauer, J. M. et al. (2015). Effects of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein supplement on sarcopenia in older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 16(9), 740–747. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.03.006
  7. [59] Devries, M. C. et al. (2018). Leucine, Not Total Protein, Content of a Supplement Is the Primary Determinant of Muscle Protein Synthetic Responses in Healthy Older Women. J Nutr, 148(7), 1088–1095. DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy091

Inflammation 4 references

  1. [60] Franceschi, C. & Campisi, J. (2014). Chronic Inflammation (Inflammaging) and Its Potential Contribution to Age-Associated Diseases. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 69(S1), S4–S9. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu057
  2. [61] Dantzer, R. et al. (2011). Inflammation-associated depression: from serotonin to kynurenine. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36(3), 426–436. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.09.012
  3. [62] Vlassara, H. & Uribarri, J. (2014). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and diabetes: cause, effect, or both? Curr Diab Rep, 14(1), 453. DOI: 10.1007/s11892-013-0453-1
  4. [63] Jostins, L. et al. (2012). Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature, 491(7422), 119–124. DOI: 10.1038/nature11582

Gut-Brain Axis & Microbiome 9 references

  1. [64] Claesson, M. J. et al. (2012). Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature, 488(7410), 178–184. DOI: 10.1038/nature11319
  2. [65] Sonnenburg, J. L. et al. (2021). Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status. Cell, 184(16), 4137–4153. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.019
  3. [66] Mayer, E. A. et al. (2023). The gut-brain axis. Annu Rev Med, 74, 463–476. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-230322-174958
  4. [67] Zarrinpar, A. et al. (2014). Diet and the gut microbiome: From correlations to causality. Cell Metab, 20(2), 197–201. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.001
  5. [68] Chassaing, B. et al. (2015). Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/nature14232
  6. [69] Gershon, M. D. (1998). The Second Brain. HarperCollins. / Carabotti, M. et al. (2015). The gut-brain axis. Ann Gastroenterol, 28(2), 203–209.
  7. [70] Valles-Colomer, M. et al. (2019). The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression. Nat Microbiol, 4(4), 623–632. DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0337-x
  8. [71] Halmos, E. P. et al. (2014). A Diet Low in FODMAPs Reduces Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology, 146(1), 67–75. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.046
  9. [72] Fasano, A. (2012). Leaky gut and autoimmune diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 42(1), 71–78. DOI: 10.1007/s12016-011-8291-x

Chrono-Nutrition & Circadian Health 16 references

  1. [73] Panda, S. (2019). The Circadian Code. Rodale Books. / McHill, A. W. et al. (2017). Later circadian timing of food intake is associated with increased body fat. Am J Clin Nutr, 106(5), 1213–1219. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.161588
  2. [74] Hutchison, A. T. et al. (2022). Time-restricted eating improves multiple markers of cardiometabolic health in overweight adults. Obes Sci Pract, 8(2), 228–240. DOI: 10.1002/osp4.562
  3. [75] Johnston, J. D. et al. (2016). Circadian clocks, food intake, and metabolism. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, 119, 105–135.
  4. [76] Takahashi, J. S. (2017). Transcriptional architecture of the mammalian circadian clock. Nat Rev Genet, 18(3), 164–179. DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.150
  5. [77] Sack, R. L. et al. (2007). Circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep, 30(11), 1484–1501. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/30.11.1484
  6. [78] Jakubowicz, D. et al. (2013). High caloric intake at breakfast vs. dinner differentially influences weight loss. Obesity, 21(12), 2504–2512. DOI: 10.1002/oby.20460
  7. [79] Roenneberg, T. et al. (2012). Social jetlag and obesity. Curr Biol, 22(10), 939–943. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.038
  8. [80] Moro, T. et al. (2016). Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding on basal metabolism in resistance-trained males. J Transl Med, 14(1), 290. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1044-0
  9. [81] Wilkinson, M. J. et al. (2020). Ten-Hour Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight, Blood Pressure, and Atherogenic Lipids in Metabolic Syndrome. Cell Metab, 31(1), 92–104. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.004
  10. [82] Longo, V. D. & Panda, S. (2016). Fasting, Circadian Rhythms, and Time-Restricted Feeding in Healthy Lifespan. Cell Metab, 23(6), 1048–1059. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.001
  11. [83] Sutton, E. F. et al. (2018). Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress in Men with Prediabetes. Cell Metab, 27(6), 1212–1221. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010
  12. [84] Roenneberg, T. & Merrow, M. (2016). The Circadian Clock and Human Health. Curr Biol, 26(10), R432–R443. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.011
  13. [85] de Cabo, R. & Mattson, M. P. (2019). Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease. NEJM, 381(26), 2541–2551. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1905136
  14. [86] Cienfuegos, S. et al. (2022). Effect of intermittent fasting on reproductive hormone levels in females and males. Nutrients, 14(11), 2343. DOI: 10.3390/nu14112343
  15. [87] Manoogian, E. N. C. et al. (2024). Time-Restricted Eating in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med, 177(11), 1462–1470. DOI: 10.7326/M24-0859
  16. [88] Nakamura, K. et al. (2021). Eating Dinner Early Improves 24-h Blood Glucose Levels and Boosts Lipid Metabolism after Breakfast the Next Day: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients, 13(7), 2424. DOI: 10.3390/nu13072424

Supplementation & Micronutrients 36 references

  1. [89] Holick, M. F. (2007). Vitamin D Deficiency. NEJM, 357(3), 266–281. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra070553
  2. [90] Camaschella, C. (2015). Iron-Deficiency Anemia. NEJM, 372(19), 1832–1843. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1401038
  3. [91] Zimmermann, M. B. & Hurrell, R. F. (2007). Nutritional iron deficiency. Lancet, 370(9586), 511–520. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61235-5
  4. [92] Holick, M. F. & Chen, T. C. (2008). Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences. Am J Clin Nutr, 87(4), 1080S–1086S. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.4.1080S
  5. [93] Spiro, A. & Buttriss, J. L. (2014). Vitamin D: An overview of vitamin D status and intake in Europe. Nutr Bull, 39(4), 322–350. DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12108
  6. [94] Dickinson, A. et al. (2014). Dietary supplement use among US adults aged 20 or older in 2007–2010. NCHS Data Brief, 61.
  7. [95] Holick, M. F. (2011). Vitamin D: A D-lightful health perspective. Nutr Rev, 66(S2), S182–S194. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00104.x
  8. [96] Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994. U.S. Congress.
  9. [97] CRN (Council for Responsible Nutrition) (2021). Consumer Survey on Dietary Supplements.
  10. [98] Milne, A. C. et al. (2009). Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (2), CD003288. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003288.pub3
  11. [99] Gröber, U. et al. (2015). Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients, 7(9), 8199–8226. DOI: 10.3390/nu7095388
  12. [100] Abbasi, B. et al. (2012). The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly. J Res Med Sci, 17(12), 1161–1169.
  13. [101] Cancelo-Hidalgo, M. J. et al. (2013). Tolerability of different oral iron supplements. Curr Med Res Opin, 29(4), 291–303. DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2012.761599
  14. [102] Lam, J. R. et al. (2013). Proton pump inhibitor and histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and vitamin B12 deficiency. JAMA. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.280490
  15. [103] Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A. et al. (2009). Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D. BMJ. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b3692
  16. [104] Martineau, A. R. et al. (2017). Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections. BMJ. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i6583
  17. [105] Grosso, G. et al. (2014). Role of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of depressive disorders: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLOS ONE, 9(5), e96905. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096905
  18. [106] Penckofer, S. et al. (2010). Vitamin D and depression: where is all the sunshine? Issues Ment Health Nurs, 31(6), 385–393. DOI: 10.3109/01612840903437657
  19. [107] Boyle, N. B. et al. (2017). The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety and stress. Nutrients, 9(5), 429. DOI: 10.3390/nu9050429
  20. [108] Boyera, N. et al. (1998). Effect of vitamin C and its derivatives on collagen synthesis and cross-linking. Int J Cosmet Sci, 20(3), 151–158. DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.1998.171747.x
  21. [109] Proksch, E. et al. (2014). Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology. Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 27(1), 47–55. DOI: 10.1159/000351376
  22. [110] Bolke, L. et al. (2019). A Collagen Supplement Improves Skin Hydration, Elasticity, Roughness, and Density. Nutrients, 11(10), 2494. DOI: 10.3390/nu11102494
  23. [111] Martinez-Puig, D. et al. (2023). Collagen supplementation for joint health. Nutrients, 15(6), 1332. DOI: 10.3390/nu15061332
  24. [112] Baldi, I. et al. (2011). Neurological effects of pesticides: results from the French PHYTONER study. Int J Occup Environ Health, 17(4), 391–399.
  25. [113] Cox, K. D. et al. (2019). Human Consumption of Microplastics. Environ Sci Technol, 53(12), 7068–7074. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01517
  26. [114] Panossian, A. & Wikman, G. (2010). Effects of Adaptogens on the Central Nervous System. Pharmaceuticals, 3(1), 188–224. DOI: 10.3390/ph3010188
  27. [115] National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Iodine: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. 2023.
  28. [116] National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Choline: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. 2022.
  29. [117] National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Iron: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. 2023.
  30. [118] National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Calcium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. 2024.
  31. [119] National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin D: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. 2023.
  32. [120] Camaschella C. Iron-deficiency anemia. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(19):1832-1843.
  33. [121] Peeling P, et al. Exercise-induced hemolysis and iron kinetics in athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(2):757-765.
  34. [122] Moretti D, et al. Oral iron supplements increase hepcidin and decrease iron absorption from daily or twice-daily doses in iron-depleted young women. Blood. 2015;126(17):1981-1989.
  35. [123] Selhub, J. et al. (2007). In vitamin B12 deficiency, higher serum folate is associated with increased total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations. PNAS, 104(50), 19995–20000. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0709487104
  36. [124] O'Neill, C. M. et al. (2016). Seasonal Changes in Vitamin D-Effective UVB Availability in Europe and Associations with Population Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D. Nutrients, 8(9), 533. DOI: 10.3390/nu8090533

Metabolic Health 31 references

  1. [125] Zeevi, D. et al. (2015). Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses. Cell, 163(5), 1079–1094. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.001
  2. [126] He, F. J. & MacGregor, G. A. (2003). How far should salt intake be reduced? Hypertension, 42(6), 1093–1099. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000102864.05174.E8
  3. [127] Morley, J. E. (2017). An overview of diabetes mellitus in elderly people. Clin Geriatr Med, 15(2), 211–224.
  4. [128] Golomb, B. A. & Evans, M. A. (2008). Statin adverse effects: A review of the literature and evidence for a mitochondrial mechanism. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs, 8(6), 373–418. DOI: 10.2165/0129784-200808060-00004
  5. [129] Schwingshackl, L. et al. (2017). Olive oil in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Diabetes, 7(4), e262. DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.12
  6. [130] Blesso, C. N. & Fernandez, M. L. (2018). Dietary Cholesterol, Serum Lipids, and Heart Disease: Are Eggs Working for or Against You? Nutrients, 10(4), 426. DOI: 10.3390/nu10040426
  7. [131] Ried, K. et al. (2016). Effect of garlic on blood pressure: An updated meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens, 30(1), 37–43. DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2015.38
  8. [132] Blekkenhorst, L. C. et al. (2018). Cardiovascular Health Benefits of Specific Vegetables. Nutrients, 10(10), 1399. DOI: 10.3390/nu10101399
  9. [133] Reutrakul, S. & Van Cauter, E. (2018). Sleep influences on obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes. Metabolism, 84, 56–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.010
  10. [134] American Diabetes Association (2022). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes — Nutrition Therapy. Diabetes Care, 45(S1), S83–S96. DOI: 10.2337/dc22-S005
  11. [135] Mortensen, S. A. et al. (2014). The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. JACC Heart Fail, 2(6), 641–649. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.008
  12. [136] Eslick, G. D. et al. (2009). Benefits of fish oil supplementation in hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol, 136(1), 4–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.03.092
  13. [137] Alberti, K. G. et al. (2009). Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome. Circulation. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644
  14. [138] Knowler, W. C. et al. (2002). Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. NEJM. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa012512
  15. [139] Johnston, C. S. & Gaas, C. A. (2006). Vinegar: medicinal uses and antiglycemic effect. MedGenMed, PMID: 16855945
  16. [140] Appel, L. J. et al. (1997). A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure (DASH). NEJM. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199704173361601
  17. [141] Kapil, V. et al. (2015). Dietary nitrate provides sustained blood pressure lowering in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04675
  18. [142] Aroda, V. R. et al. (2016). Long-term metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. JCEM. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3754
  19. [143] Matthews, D. R. et al. (1985). Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin. Diabetologia. DOI: 10.1007/BF00280883
  20. [144] Guerrero-Romero, F. et al. (2011). Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.11.003
  21. [145] Vilar-Gomez, E. et al. (2015). Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of NASH. Gastroenterology. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005
  22. [146] De la Monte, S. M. & Wands, J. R. (2008). Alzheimer's disease is type 3 diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. DOI: 10.1177/193229680800200619
  23. [147] Yin, J. et al. (2008). Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism, 57(5), 712–717. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.013
  24. [148] Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2005.
  25. [149] Vega-López, S. et al. (2018). Relevance of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load for Body Weight, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients, 10(10), 1361. DOI: 10.3390/nu10101361
  26. [150] Chen, G. C. et al. (2017). Cheese consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Nutr, 56(8), 2565–2575. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1292-z
  27. [151] Qu, H. et al. (2018). Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Statin-Induced Myopathy: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc, 7(19), e009835. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.009835
  28. [152] Zhao, B. et al. (2022). Association of Dietary Cholesterol and Egg Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis. Circulation, 145(20), 1506–1520. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057642
  29. [153] Estruch, R. et al. (2018). Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts (PREDIMED). NEJM, 378(25), e34. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1800389
  30. [154] Urgert, R. & Katan, M. B. (1997). The cholesterol-raising factor from coffee beans. Annu Rev Nutr, 17, 305–324. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.305
  31. [155] Yan, J. H. et al. (2018). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore), 97(37), e12271. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012271

Bone & Skeletal Health 10 references

  1. [156] Maresz, K. (2015). Proper Calcium Use: Vitamin K2 as a Promoter of Bone and Cardiovascular Health. Integr Med (Encinitas), 14(1), 34–39.
  2. [157] Vermeer, C. (2012). Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation. Food Nutr Res, 56, 5329. DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5329
  3. [158] Taku, K. et al. (2010). Soy isoflavones for osteoporosis: an evidence-based approach. Maturitas. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.09.005
  4. [159] Schurgers, L. J. & Vermeer, C. (2000). Determination of phylloquinone and menaquinones in food. Haemostasis, 30(6), 298–307. DOI: 10.1159/000054147
  5. [160] Rizzoli R, Biver E, Bonjour JP, et al. Benefits and safety of dietary protein for bone health: an expert consensus paper (ESCEO and IOF). Osteoporos Int. 2018;29(9):1933—1948.
  6. [161] Weaver CM, Alexander DD, Boushey CJ, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures in adults: an updated meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2016;27(1):367—376.
  7. [162] Kennel, K. A. & Drake, M. T. (2009). Adverse effects of bisphosphonates: implications for osteoporosis management. Mayo Clin Proc, 84(7), 632–638. DOI: 10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60752-0
  8. [163] Lin, X. et al. (2023). Vitamin K supplementation and vascular calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr, 10, 1115069. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1115069
  9. [164] Capozzi, A. et al. (2020). Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K2, and magnesium supplementation and skeletal health. Maturitas, 140, 55–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.020
  10. [165] Wei, P. et al. (2012). Systematic review of soy isoflavone supplements on osteoporosis in women. Asian Pac J Trop Med, 5(3), 243–248. DOI: 10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60033-9

Environmental & Endocrine-Disrupting Factors 2 references

  1. [166] Vandenberg, L. N. et al. (2012). Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev, 33(3), 378–455. DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1050
  2. [167] Lanphear, B. P. et al. (2018). Low-level lead exposure and mortality in US adults. Lancet Public Health, 3(4), e177–e184. DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30025-2

Scientific Foundations & General Nutrition Science 49 references

  1. [168] Monteiro, C. A. et al. (2019). Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them. Public Health Nutr, 22(5), 936–941. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980018003762
  2. [169] Jacobs, D. R. & Steffen, L. M. (2003). Nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns as exposures in research: a framework for food synergy. Am J Clin Nutr, 78(3), 508S–513S. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.508S
  3. [170] Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy (2023). National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. DOI: 10.17226/26818
  4. [171] Fiolet, T. et al. (2018). Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cancer risk. BMJ. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k322
  5. [172] Aune, D. et al. (2015). Dietary fibre, whole grains, and risk of colorectal cancer. BMJ. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d6617
  6. [173] Frassetto, L. A. et al. (2009). Metabolic and physiologic improvements from consuming a Paleolithic, hunter-gatherer type diet. Eur J Clin Nutr, 63(8), 947–955. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.4
  7. [174] Willett, W. et al. (2019). Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet, 393(10170), 447–492. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4
  8. [175] Trichopoulou, A. et al. (2003). Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Survival in a Greek Population. NEJM, 348(26), 2599–2608. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa025039
  9. [176] Sinclair, D. A. & LaPlante, M. D. (2019). Lifespan: Why We Age — and Why We Don't Have To. Atria Books.
  10. [177] Gill, S. & Panda, S. (2015). A Smartphone App Reveals Erratic Diurnal Eating Patterns in Humans that Can Be Modulated for Health Benefits. Cell Metab, 22(5), 789–798. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.005
  11. [178] Afshin, A. et al. (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries. Lancet, 393(10184), 1958–1972. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8
  12. [179] Ross, A. C. et al. (2023). Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 12th ed. Wolters Kluwer/LWW.
  13. [180] Burris, J. et al. (2013). Acne: The Role of Medical Nutrition Therapy. J Acad Nutr Diet, 113(3), 416–430. DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.11.016
  14. [181] Bailey, D. G. et al. (2013). Grapefruit-medication interactions. CMAJ, 185(4), 309–316. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.120951
  15. [182] Morris, M. C. et al. (2015). MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement, 11(9), 1007–1014. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.11.009
  16. [183] Bauer, J. et al. (2013). Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People (PROT-AGE Study Group). JAMDA, 14(8), 542–559. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.021
  17. [184] Cederholm, T. et al. (2019). GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition. Clin Nutr, 38(1), 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.002
  18. [185] Volkert, D. et al. (2019). ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clin Nutr, 38(1), 10–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.024
  19. [186] Szabo, A. et al. (2022). Shared meals: a driver of social bonding, wellbeing and health. Soc Sci Med, 308, 115218. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115218
  20. [187] Fahey, J. W. et al. (1997). Broccoli sprouts: An exceptionally rich source of inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens. PNAS, 94(19), 10367–10372. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.19.10367
  21. [188] Devore, E. E. et al. (2012). Dietary intakes of berries and flavonoids in relation to cognitive decline. Ann Neurol, 72(1), 135–143. DOI: 10.1002/ana.23594
  22. [189] Campos-Vega, R. et al. (2010). Minor components of legumes and their potential impact on human health. Food Res Int, 43(2), 461–482. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.015
  23. [190] Ros, E. (2010). Health Benefits of Nut Consumption. Nutrients, 2(7), 652–682. DOI: 10.3390/nu2070652
  24. [191] Mozaffarian, D. & Rimm, E. B. (2006). Fish Intake, Contaminants, and Human Health. JAMA, 296(15), 1885–1899. DOI: 10.1001/jama.296.15.1885
  25. [192] Lietz, G. et al. (2012). Importance of beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) in nutrition. Mol Nutr Food Res, 56(2), 241–250. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100387
  26. [193] Hewlings, S. J. & Kalman, D. S. (2017). Curcumin: A Review of Its Effects on Human Health. Foods, 6(10), 92. DOI: 10.3390/foods6100092
  27. [194] Scott, T. M. et al. (2017). Avocado Consumption Increases Macular Pigment Density in Older Adults. Nutrients, 9(9), 919. DOI: 10.3390/nu9090919
  28. [195] Latif, R. (2013). Chocolate/cocoa and human health: a review. Neth J Med, 71(2), 63–68.
  29. [196] Smoyer-Tomic, K. E. et al. (2008). Seasonal variation in food intake and diet quality. Appetite, 50(2-3), 449–455.
  30. [197] Rickman, J. C. et al. (2007). Nutritional comparison of fresh, frozen and canned fruits and vegetables. J Sci Food Agric, 87(6), 930–944. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2825
  31. [198] Mattson, M. P. et al. (2017). Intermittent metabolic switching, neuroplasticity and brain health. Nat Rev Neurosci, 19(2), 81–94. DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.156
  32. [199] Pronsky, Z. M. & Crowe, J. P. (2012). Food-Medication Interactions, 17th ed. Food-Medication Interactions Publishers.
  33. [200] Hibbeln, J. R. (2002). Seafood consumption, the DHA content of mothers' milk and prevalence rates of postpartum depression: a cross-national, ecological analysis. J Affect Disord. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0327(01)00482-000482-0)
  34. [201] Millwood, I. Y. et al. (2019). Conventional and genetic evidence on alcohol and vascular disease aetiology: a prospective study of 500 000 men and women in China. Lancet. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31772-0
  35. [202] Kenney, W. L. & Chiu, P. (2001). Influence of age on thirst and fluid intake. Med Sci Sports Exerc. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200109000-00018
  36. [203] Lieberman, H. R. (2007). Hydration and cognition: a critical review and recommendations for future research. Nutr Rev. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00351.x
  37. [204] Morris, M. C. et al. (2003). Consumption of fish and n-3 fatty acids and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.60.7.940
  38. [205] Selhub, J. et al. (1993). Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. JAMA.
  39. [206] Smith, A. D. et al. (2010). Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows the rate of accelerated brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012244
  40. [207] Ngandu, T. et al. (2015). A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training (FINGER trial). Lancet. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60461-5
  41. [208] Lever, E. et al. (2014). Systematic review: the effect of prunes on gastrointestinal function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. DOI: 10.1111/apt.12913
  42. [209] Sarris, J. et al. (2015). Nutritional medicine as mainstream in psychiatry. Lancet Psychiatry, 2(3), 271–274. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00051-0
  43. [210] Jacka, F. N. et al. (2017). A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the 'SMILES' trial). BMC Med, 15(1), 23. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0791-y
  44. [211] Misselwitz, B. et al. (2019). Lactose malabsorption and intolerance: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. UEG Journal, 7(9), 1181–1191.
  45. [212] Shai, I. et al. (2008). Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet. NEJM, 359(3), 229–241. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0708681
  46. [213] Kristeller, J. L. & Wolever, R. Q. (2010). Mindfulness-based eating awareness training for treating binge eating disorder. Eat Disord, 19(1), 49–61. DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2011.533605
  47. [214] Holst, J. J. (2007). The Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1. Physiol Rev, 87(4), 1409–1439. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2006
  48. [215] Hardie, D. G. et al. (2012). AMPK: a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 13(4), 251–262. DOI: 10.1038/nrm3311
  49. [216] Maintz, L. & Novak, N. (2007). Histamine and histamine intolerance. Am J Clin Nutr, 85(5), 1185–1196. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1185

No reference matches your search.